Another advantage is the recording of data provenance, which can be vital in applications such as clinical decision support and surveillance systems. This characteristic is especially attractive for applications in which users prefer not to rely on a single central authority (eg, federated clinical data networks for quality improvement, health insurance operations, cross-institutional consent management without the need for a coordinating center) and in which users want to verify the use of their assets. This allows operations without a hub (ie, no single point of “ownership” or “control”). For example, decentralized management is very useful for organizing digital assets produced by various institutions (eg, biomedical data, software, and “recipes” or workflows frequently used in predictive modeling and analytics). The main reason for the abovementioned applications to adopt blockchain relies on its “off-the-shelf” features that address many real-world health science’s needs. Key benefits of blockchain for healthcare
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2, 3, 5–13 Four main categories 2 of health or clinical blockchain applications are found in the literature: (1) those that improve medical record management (eg, securely storing patient records), 14 securely or scalably share clinical data, 15 help control privacy risks, 16 and promote security or privacy of electronic health records (2) applications that enhance insurance claim processes, for example, via the utilization of computer code on blockchain (ie, “smart contracts”) (see Supplementary Appendix S1), 17 management of pre-authorization payments, 18 and “smart health profiles” for insurance applicants or recipients 19 (3) applications that accelerate clinical or biomedical research, such as those that assist with the collection and management of patient-generated health data for research purposes 3, 20 and those that facilitate data sharing among researchers 21 and (4) applications that advance biomedical or healthcare through data ledgers, such as those supporting a decentralized health data sharing backbone, 22 immutable clinical research protocols, 23 and patient consent recording. 2–4 Medicine, among these applications, is one of the most important and promising areas for adoption of this new technology. Although originally invented for financial transactions, 1 its applications are broad.
Healthcare applications using the blockchain technologyīlockchain is a distributed ledger-write once and never erase.
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